Azuma–Hoeffding inequality Bellman optimality equation Markov decision process Algorithm 1: Q-learning exploration–exploitation trade-off optimism in the face of uncertainty upper confidence bound by Hoeffding's inequality, Thompson sampling regret minimization Lai–Robbins lower bound w.p. at least 1 − δ, minimax regret contraction mapping theorem temporal-difference learning by the contraction mapping theorem, policy gradient theorem actor–critic methods trust-region policy optimization Lemma 1 (performance difference). maximum-entropy reinforcement learning Boltzmann exploration eligibility traces telescoping over t = 1, …, T: stochastic approximation martingale difference sequence sub-Gaussian concentration taking expectation over s′ ∼ P(·|s,a), union bound Chernoff bound importance sampling exploration vs. exploitation: off-policy evaluation occupancy measure contextual bandits Q.E.D. □
adversarial bandits online convex optimization
mirror descent Algorithm 1: Q-learning
follow-the-regularized-leader Lyapunov stability
sample complexity by Hoeffding's inequality,
value iteration · policy iteration dynamic programming principle
Bellman operator w.p. at least 1 − δ,
Robbins–Monro conditions Bellman backup · bootstrapping
generalized advantage estimation by the contraction mapping theorem,
natural policy gradient Fisher information matrix
Kullback–Leibler divergence Lemma 1 (performance difference).
successive elimination doubling trick
best-arm identification telescoping over t = 1, …, T:
pure exploration confidence radius
Bernstein inequality taking expectation over s′ ∼ P(·|s,a),
McDiarmid's inequality optional stopping theorem Publication Info
- Hengquan Guo, Lingkai Zu, Xin Liu
- International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2025)
- 2025
- Published